| Individual course details | ||||||||||
| Study programme | Meteorology | |||||||||
| Chosen research area (module) | ||||||||||
| Nature and level of studies | Undergraduate studies | |||||||||
| Name of the course | Meteorological measurements | |||||||||
| Professor (lectures) | Vladan Vučković | |||||||||
| Professor/associate (examples/practical) | Nemanja Kovačević | |||||||||
| Professor/associate (additional) | ||||||||||
| ECTS | 6 | Status (required/elective) | required | |||||||
| Access requirements | General meteorology 1, General meteorology 2 | |||||||||
| Aims of the course | To introduce students to the measurement of meteorological elements and explain the physical principles of meteorological sensors. | |||||||||
| Learning outcomes | Adoption of basic knowledge of meteorological measurements, which includes: defining the measurand, the physical principles of meteorological sensors, the method of selection and the proper exposure of the appropriate instrument. | |||||||||
| Contents of the course | ||||||||||
| Lectures | 1. Measurement of air temperature. Types of thermometers and temperature scales. Thermometer inertia. 2. Calibration of thermometers. Measurement of soil and water temperature. 3. Quantities that characterize air humidity. Methods of measuring the humidity of the air. Removal of water vapor from humid air. Addition of water vapor to air. Equilibrium sorption of water vapor. Measurement of physical properties of moist air. 4. The maintenance of the vapor-liquid and vapor-ice equilibrium. Selection and exposure of humidity sensors. Psychrometric formula. 5. Atmospheric pressure measurement. Barometers with liquid. Index, temperature and gravity corrections. 6. Aneroid barometers. Hypsometer. Comparison of barometer types. 7. Wind direction measurement. Equation of the wind vane. Solving the equation of the wind vane in the case of a constant direction of the wind. Solution of wind vane equation in the case of a periodic wind direction change. 8. Wind speed measurement. Cup anemometers. Solving the equation of motion of the cup anemometers in the case of constant wind speed. Measurement of wind speed using manometer method. Measurement of wind speed using a tile-like receiver. Wind speed measurement by cooling method. Acoustic anemometer. Wind data processing. 9. Measurement of solar and earth radiation. Definitions. Pyrheliometer. Pyranometer. Pyrgeometer. Pyrradiometer. Albedometer and net radiometer. Exposure requirements. 10. Measurement of visibility. Transmissiometer. Forward scatter meter. Measurements of cloud height. Rotating beam and laser ceilometers. 11. Precipitation measurement. Point measurement. Accumulating gauges. Measurement of snow. Optical rain gauge. Exposure of rain gauges and sources of error. 12. Estimation of the intensity and amount of rainfall by radar. Basic technical characteristics of meteorological radars. 13. Radar equation. 14. Measurement of evaporation. Atmometers. Evaporation pans and tanks. Evapotranspirometers (lysimeters). 15. Measurements in the upper troposphere. Meteorological balloons. Wind measurement in the upper troposphere. Radiosondes. | |||||||||
| Examples/ practical classes | Experimental measurements in laboratories and meteorological observatories. Experimental Exercises: 1. Measurement of thermometer inertia. 2. Thermometer calibration. 3. Calibration of thermographs. 4. Calibration of thermocouple. 5. Measurement of humidity and calibration of the hygrograph. 6. Measurement of atmospheric pressure. 7. Calibration of a manual anemometer. 8. Measurement of the radiation by the pyranometer. 9. Determination of illuminance by lux meter. 10. Determination of atmospheric pressure by a hypsometer. 11. Calibration of a thermistor anemometer. | |||||||||
| Recommended books | ||||||||||
| 1 | Vučković, V., 2013: Meteorological measurements, Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, 220 pp. | |||||||||
| 2 | Brock, F.V. and S.J. Richardson, 2001: Meteorological Measurement Systems, Oxford University Press, 290 pp. | |||||||||
| 3 | DeFelice, P.T., 2000: Meteorological instrumentation and measurement, Prentice-Hall, 229 pp. | |||||||||
| 4 | ||||||||||
| 5 | ||||||||||
| Number of classes (weekly) | ||||||||||
| Lectures | Examples&practicals | Student project | Additional | |||||||
| 3 | 3 | |||||||||
| Teaching and learning methods | Lectures, laboratory exercises and practical measurements at meteorological observatories. | |||||||||
| Assessment (maximal 100) | ||||||||||
| assesed coursework | mark | examination | mark | |||||||
| coursework | 10 | written examination | ||||||||
| practicals | 40 | oral examination | 50 | |||||||
| papers | ||||||||||
| presentations | ||||||||||