Individual course details
Study programme Physics
Chosen research area (module) Computer and Applied Physics, Theoretical and Experimental Physics
Nature and level of studies Undergraduate Studies
Name of the course Physics of Lasers
Professor (lectures) Milorad Kuraica
Professor/associate (examples/practical) Bratislav Obradovic
Professor/associate (additional)  
ECTS 5 Status (required/elective) requred, elective
Access requirements All exams from 1. 2. and 3. year of study. 
Aims of the course Through theoretical lectures, demonstration and experimental exercises, students will be able to understand the physical processes which are behind the work of laser, as well as different laser systems. It will be presented examples of laser applications. This course are the basis for increasing of knowledge and skills necessary for further research in this field.
Learning outcomes Adopting basic concepts related to the physical principles on which lasers.  Understanding and introducing to the basic types of lasers and the way they work. Introduction to basic applications of lasers.
Contents of the course
Lectures 1.EM field in the cavity (density of mods, Plank’s black body radiation law). 2. Stimulated emission, Einstein coefficients, spectral line broadening. 3. Absorption and amplification of radiation. 4. Population inversion and methods of achieving; Progressive wave amplifier. 5. Regenerative amplifier, laser oscillator. 6. Confocal resonator; Solid State Lasers: Ruby Laser, Nd Lasers; Liquid laser with organic dyes. 8. Gas lasers: He-Ne laser, CO2 lasers. 9. Chemical lasers; Semiconductor lasers. 10. Q-switch techniques. 11. Synchronization of modes, laser protection. Laser protection. 
Examples/ practical classes Demonstration exercises: 1.Longitudinal modes of He-Ne lasers 2.  Longitudinal modes for semiconductor lasers. 3. Ruby and Nd lasers. 4. Carbon dioxide laser. 5. Semiconductor lasers. 6. Breakdown in gas and Pashen’s curve.7. Glow discharge,  characteristic regions, V-A characteristic. 8. Corona and dialectical barrier discharge.
Recommended books
1 Н. Коњевић, Увод у квантну електронику - ласери, Научна књига, Београд, 1981.
2 N.V.Karlov - Lectures of Quantum Electronics, Mir Publisher Moscow,  2000
3 O. Svelto, Principles of lasers,4ed., Springer, 1998
4 A. Yariv, Quantum Electronics, 3ed., John Willy and Sons, New York, 1989  
5 R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light, 2ed. Oxford, 1983
Number of classes (weekly)
Lectures Examples&practicals   Student project Additional
2 2      
Teaching and learning methods Lectures, demonstrations, seminar work, experimental exercises.
Assessment (maximal 100)
assesed coursework mark examination mark
coursework 5 written examination  
practicals 25 oral examination 50
papers 20    
presentations