| Individual course details | ||||||||||
| Study programme | Theoretical and experimental physics | |||||||||
| Chosen research area (module) | ||||||||||
| Nature and level of studies | Basic academic studies | |||||||||
| Name of the course | Condensed matter physics | |||||||||
| Professor (lectures) | Full Professor Zoran Radović / Doc. dr Mihajlo Vanević | |||||||||
| Professor/associate (examples/practical) | ||||||||||
| Professor/associate (additional) | ||||||||||
| ECTS | 7 | Status (required/elective) | elective | |||||||
| Access requirements | Statistical physics 1 and 2, Quantum mechanics 1, Electrodynamics 1 and 2 | |||||||||
| Aims of the course | Introduction to Contemporary Physics of Condensed matter | |||||||||
| Learning outcomes | Knowledge of basic models and methods of condensed state physics | |||||||||
| Contents of the course | ||||||||||
| Lectures | 1.
Introduction. Physical properties and classification of solids. 2. Crystal lattices. Classification of Bravais lattices and general structure of crystals. Reciprocal lattices. Determination of the crystal structure by X-ray diffraction. 3. Valence electrons. The classic Drude theory of transport in metals (electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, Hall effect, Seebeck effect, plasma oscillations). The Sommerfeld quantum theory of metals. 4. Electronic states in the periodic potential of ionic lattice. Bloch's theorem. Approximation of weak and strong potentials. Semiclassical model of electron dynamics. Determination of the Fermi surfaces, de Haas-van Alphen effect, Landau levels. Band structure of the electron energy and explanation of the difference between metals, insulators, and semiconductor. Density of states, van Hove's singularities. 5. Metals. Electron-electron Coulomb interaction, Hartree-Fock approximation and correlation effects. Lindhard's formula, plasmons. Landau theory of the Fermi fluid. Quantum Hall effect. Beyond the Bloch theory: Mott's and Anderson's localization. 6. Thermal motion of crystal lattices. Classical theory of the harmonic crystal. Quantum theory – phonon spectra. Neutron, Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy. Anharmonic effects, lattice heat conductivity. 7. Electron-phonon interaction. Nature of the relaxation time. Beyond the semiclassical approximation: Colossal magnetoresistance. 8. Dielectric properties of insulators. Theory of polarizability, optical properties. Pyroelectric and ferroelectric crystals. 9. Semiconductors. Homogeneous and doped semiconductors. Heat, transport, and optical properties. p-n junctions, heterostructures and transistors. 10. Magnetism: Paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic states. Heisenberg's model and magnons. Hubbard's model of ferromagnetism in metals. 11. Superconductivity: Critical temperature, zero resistance, Meissner's effect, and critical fields. Gap in the electron energy spectrum and elements of the BCS theory. Flux quantization and the Josephson effect. High-temperature superconductors. |
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| Examples/ practical classes | 1.
Identification of crystalline substances based on diffractograms. 2. Determination of the parameters of the crystal unit cell based on X-ray diffraction. 3. Hall effect in metals - normal Hall effect (copper) - anomalous Hall effect (zinc) 4. Hall effect in semiconductors. 5. Determination of the energy gap of semiconductors. 6. Verification of the Wiedemanm-Franz law - measurement of thermal conductivity - measurement of electrical conductivity 7. Determination of the basic characteristics of ferromagnets (hysteresis). 8. Determination of the basic characteristics of superconducting materials (critical temperature, Meissner effect) 9. Determination of dielectric permeability. 10. Determination of the frequency dependence of dielectric permeability based on the reflection spectrum. 11. Determination of refraction index (Abe refractometer) 12. Absorption spectrum of solids by diffusive reflection method |
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| Recommended books | ||||||||||
| 1 | N.W. Ashcroft & N.D. Mermin, Solid State Physics (Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1976). | |||||||||
| 2 | ||||||||||
| 3 | ||||||||||
| 4 | ||||||||||
| 5 | ||||||||||
| Number of classes (weekly) | ||||||||||
| Lectures | Examples&practicals | Student project | Additional | |||||||
| 4 | 0+3 | |||||||||
| Teaching and learning methods | Lectures, problems solving classes, homework, experimental exercises, colloquium. | |||||||||
| Assessment (maximal 100) | ||||||||||
| assesed coursework | mark | examination | mark | |||||||
| coursework | 10 | written examination | ||||||||
| practicals | 40 | oral examination | 50 | |||||||
| papers | ||||||||||
| presentations | ||||||||||